Apremilast pharmaceutical compositions and methods

ABSTRACT

A topical pharmaceutical composition of apremilast used for the treatment of psoriasis and/or psoriatic arthritis is provided. It further relates to processes of preparation of the compositions and the method of use for these compositions.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a divisional application of U.S. application Ser. No. 16/088,801, filed Sep. 26, 2018, which claims priority to PCT Application No. PCT/IN2016/000237, having a filing date of Sep, 30, 2016, which is based upon and claims priority to IN Application No. 201641011015, having a filing date of Mar. 30, 2016, the entire contents of all priority documents which are incorporated herein by reference.

FIELD OF TECHNOLOGY

The following relates to topical pharmaceutical compositions for the treatment of psoriasis and/or psoriatic arthritis.

BACKGROUND

Apremilast is a phosphodiesterase4 (PDE4) inhibitor. Apremilast is known chemically as N-[2-[(1S)-1-(3-ethoxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-2-(methylsulfonyl)ethyl]-2,3-dihydro-1,3-dioxo-1H-isoin-dol-4-yl]acetamide, having chemical structure as given below:

Apremilast is at present available only as an oral formulation, marketed by Celgene Corp, under the trade name of OTEZLA®. OTEZLA® tablets are supplied in 10, 20, and 30 mg strengths for oral administration. OTEZLA® tablets are indicated (1) for the treatment of patients with active psoriatic arthritis and (2)for the treatment of patients with moderate to severe psoriasis who are candidates for phototherapy or systemic therapy.

Psoriasis is a chronic, non-contagious skin disorder that appears in many different forms and can affect any part of the body. The most common type of psoriasis is plaque psoriasis, occurring in 80% of people suffering from the disease. Plaque psoriasis is characterized by red patches and lesions that are covered by a build up of skin cells that are often called scales, and most commonly seen on the elbows, knees, scalp and back. Psoriasis is classified as mild, moderate, or severe, depending on the percentage of body surface involved and severity of the disease.

According to the National Institutes of Health, psoriasis is one of the most common human skin disorders, affecting greater than 3% of the United States population, or more than 5 million adults, of which greater than 1.5 million are considered to have a moderate to severe form of the disease. Although psoriasis is not fatal, it negatively impacts quality of life to a degree similar to heart disease and arthritis (Rapp et al. 1999). In addition, 10-30% of patients with psoriasis also develop a form of arthritis—psoriatic arthritis, which damages the bone and connective tissue around the joints. Furthermore, inflammatory mediators associated with psoriasis may increase the risk of obesity, diabetes, thrombosis, and atherosclerosis (Davidovici et al. 2010).

Though, apremilast is available as an effective oral therapy for psoriasis; an oral tablet composition is less suitable for patients who have difficulty in swallowing or whose gastro intestinal side effects are not reduced even after suggested oral dose titration. Thus, there is need for an effective pharmaceutical composition of apremilast suitable for topical administration that overcomes the problems associated with oral compositions.

SUMMARY

An aspect relates to a safe and effective pharmaceutical composition comprising apremilast, suitable for topical administration.

Another aspect of embodiments of the present invention is to provide a topical pharmaceutical composition comprising apremilast, effective in the treatment of psoriasis.

Yet another aspect of embodiments of the present invention is to provide a simple method for preparation of a topical pharmaceutical composition comprising apremilast.

The inventors developed a novel composition designed for topical application comprising apremilast as the active ingredient, and surprisingly discovered that the composition effectually treated psoriasis without producing any of the negative side effects associated with oral administration as described in the prior art. Thus, the presently disclosed method provides a means of treating psoriasis that is cosmetically acceptable, effective, and easy to apply.

Thus, in one aspect embodiments of the present invention provide a pharmaceutical composition of apremilast suitable for topical administration having desired pharmacological activity and fewer side effects.

In another aspect, embodiments of the present invention are directed to a topical composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of apremilast and a pharmaceutically acceptable topical carrier.

In yet another aspect, embodiments of the present invention are directed to methods of treating psoriasis by topical application to an affected epidermal area of a subject a topical dosage form comprising apremilast; and continuing the administration until symptoms of psoriasis are abated.

In another aspect, embodiments of the present invention set forth a safe and commercially viable process for preparation of a topical composition of apremilast that is sufficiently stable to provide an acceptable shelf life.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION

Some of the embodiments will be described in detail, with references to the following Figures, wherein like designations denote like members, wherein:

FIG. 1 depicts Shaved control of mice;

FIG. 2 depicts Imiquamod control;

FIG. 3 depicts Mice treated with test product;

FIG. 4 depicts a Graph representing extent of psoriasis symptoms induced after application of imiquamod;

FIG. 5 depicts a Graph representing extent of decrease in psoriasis symptoms upon application of 5 mg test;

FIG. 6 depicts a Graph representing extent of decrease in psoriasis symptoms upon application of 50 mg test;

FIG. 7 depicts a Graph representing extent of decrease in psoriasis symptoms upon application of 100 mg test; and

FIG. 8 depicts a Graph representing extent of decrease in psoriasis symptoms upon administration of oral suspension.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

It has been surprisingly been found that pharmaceutical compositions of apremilast in the form of topical formulations provide desired pharmacological actions and fewer side effects.

Accordingly, embodiments of the present invention are directed to topical compositions comprising apremilast as the primary active agent and methods of use thereof for treating psoriasis. Specifically, the disclosed topical composition may be a cream, lotion, spray, oil, ointment, paste, dressing, solution, gel or other types of compositions that lends itself to topical application.

In one embodiment, the invention is directed to a topical composition for treating psoriasis comprising a therapeutically effective amount of apremilast and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

A “therapeutically effective amount” is an amount necessary to palliate at least one symptom of psoriasis. For example, a therapeutically effective amount is sufficient to treat (i.e. alleviate or reduce) at least one of: itching/scratching, redness, inflammation, cracking, scaling, bleeding, etc. In an embodiment, the therapeutically effective amount of apremilast comprises between 0.5 to 15% by weight of the composition, for example 2 to 10%.

The term “pharmaceutically acceptable” means approved by a regulatory agency of the Federal or state government or listed in the U.S. Pharmacopeia or other generally recognized pharmacopeia for use in animals, and more particularly in humans.

The term “carrier” refers to a diluent, adjuvant, excipient, penetration enhancer, or vehicle with which an active ingredient is administered. Such pharmaceutical carriers can be liquids, such as water and oils, including those of petroleum, animal, vegetable or synthetic origin. In an embodiment, the pharmaceutically acceptable carrier comprises excipients commonly used in topically applied formulations (water, oil-based lotions, sprays, ointments, gels etc.).

As a non-limiting example, a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier may comprise water, glycerin, petrolatum, stearic acid, glycol stearate, dimethicone, isopropyl isostearate, tapioca starch, cetyl alcohol, glyceryl stearate, magnesium aluminum silicate, carbomer, ethylene brassylate, triethanolamine, disodium EDTA, phenoxyethanol, methyl paraben, propyl paraben, ethanol, bio-polymers (e.g., sodium hyaloronate), liposomes, nano- and micro-particulate carriers, and/or titanium dioxide. In an embodiment, the pharmaceutically acceptable carrier comprises dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), glycerol, propylene glycol, petrolatum water, and one or more pharmaceutically acceptable penetration enhancer (absorption promoter and/or accelerants).

In an embodiment, the pharmaceutical composition is in the form of topical gel or cream or ointment or solution or spray comprising apremilast and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO); in the ratio of 1:100 to100:1, for example 1:10 to 10:1, for example 1:1.

Typically, the topical compositions of the invention comprise skin penetration enhancers, pharmaceutical surfactants and solubility enhancers, oil phase components, aqueous phase components, emulsifiers, moisturizers, antioxidants, vitamins, lubricants, preservatives, stabilizers and other ingredients.

Skin penetration enhancers reversibly decrease the barrier resistance of the skin, which increases the amount of apremilast absorbed. In an embodiment, skin penetration enhancers include, but are not limited to, sulfoxides (e.g. DMSO), azones (e.g. laurocapram), pyrrolidones (e.g., 2-pyrrolidone), alcohols and alkanols (e.g., ethanol, decanol, etc.), oleic acid (and derivatives thereof), glycols (e.g., propylene glycol), dimethylformamide (DMF), dimethylacetamide (DMAC), fatty alcohols (e.g., lauryl alcohol), fatty acid esters, fatty acids, fatty alcohol ethers (e.g., EO-2-oleyl ether), terpenes, and biologics (e.g., lecithin).

Pharmaceutical surfactants or solubility enhancers include, but are not limited to, lauryl alcohol, polyoxyethylene ether, polyoxyethylene glycerol monostearate, stearic acid ester oxygen poly hydrocarbon, vitamin E succinate polyethylene glycol ester, sorbitan esters, polyoxyethylene castor oil, polyoxyethylene hydrogenated castor oil, poloxamer, organic esters (e.g. ethylene acetate), and poly hill dinitrate 80 (i.e. Tween 80 or its mixture). In an embodiment, the pharmaceutical surfactants or solubility enhancers include DMSO, polyvinylpyrrolidones, stearic acid hydrocarbon oxygen Poly (40) ester, lauryl alcohol polyoxyethylene (23) ether, vitamin E succinate polyethylene glycol ester, ethylene acetate, and polyoxyethylene (40) hydrogenated castor oil (and its mixtures, i.e. polyoxy (40) stearate). In a further embodiment the pharmaceutical surfactants or solubility enhancers include sodium lauryl sulphate and sorbitan esters.

Suitable oily phase may include, but are not limited to, glyceryl monoacetate, glycerol diacetate, glyceryl triacetate, stearic acid, soybean oil, corn oil, peanut oil, palmitic acid, palm oil, sunflower oil, olive oil, coconut oil, sesame oil, cotton seed oil, rapeseed oil, oleic acid, medium-chain triglycerides, single-decane triglyceride, animal fat (e.g., lanolin), mineral oils, paraffin, beeswax, petrolatum, hydrocarbons, vaseline, and mixtures thereof.

Aqueous phase components include, but are not limited to, de-ionized water, glycerol gelatin, cellulose derivatives (e.g., microcrystalline cellulose (Avicel PH 101)), and polyethylene glycol (PEG 300 to PEG 6000), and mixtures thereof.

Emulsifiers include, but are not limited to oleyl alcohol, polyoxyethylene oleyl ether, PEG-40 stearate, ceteareth-12, ceteareth-20, ceteareth-30,glyceryl stearate, PEG-100 stearate, methyl myristate, isopropyl myristate, Arlacel 165, glyceryl stearate, PEG-100 stearate, steareth-2 and steareth-20, dimethicone copolyol, Polysorbate 20 (Tween 20), cetyl esters wax, Polysorbate 40 (Tween 40), Polysorbate 60 (Tween 60), Polysorbate 80 (Tween 80), lauramide DEA, cocamide

DEA, and cocamide MEA, Phospholipid PTC, alginate, carrageenan, Glucate DO, methylcellulose, polyvinyl alcohol, homopolymers of acrylic acid crosslinked with allyl sucrose or allyl pentaerythritol (Carbomer). In an embodiment, emulsifiers are selected from the group consisting of cetostearyl alcohol, stearic acid, magnesium stearate, sodium lauryl sulfate, triethanolamine, and magnesium aluminum silicate.

Moisturizers include, but are not limited to, glycerol, propylene glycol, and sorbitol.

Antioxidants include, but are not limited to, water soluble antioxidants, lipid-soluble antioxidants, vitamin C, vitamin C palmitate, propyl gallate, vitamin E (tocopherol), tert-butyl ether-hydroxybenzoate fennel, 2,6 di-tert-butyl-p-cresol, BHA, BHT, or mixtures of one or more antioxidants.

Lubricants include, but are not limited to, urea, magnesium stearate, sodium lauryl sulfate, polyethylene glycol, and silica gel powder.

Preservatives include, but are not limited to, chloro-m-cresol, citric acid, disodium edetate, ethoxylated alcohol, glycerin, 1,2,6-hexanetriol, methylparaben, parabens, potassium, sorbate, propyl gallate, propylene glycol, propyl paraben, sodium bisulfate, sodium citrate, butyl paraben, sodium metabisulfite, chlorocresol, sorbic acid, tannic acid, zinc stearate, butylated hydroxytoluene, butylated hydroxyanisole, benzoic acid, salicylic acid, propyl paraben, dichlorobenzyl alcohol, formaldehyde, alpha-tocopherol, sodium ascorbate, ascorbic acid, ascorbyl palmitate phenol, m-cresol, bisphenol, cetrimide, benzalkonium chloride, sorbic acid, phenoxyethanol, and benzoyl peroxide. In an embodiment, preservatives are selected from the group consisting of hydroxylethyl benzene, hydroxylmethyl benzene, phenoxyethanol, chlorocresol, propyl paraben, and methyl paraben.

In an embodiment of the invention, topical composition of present invention has excipients that help adjusting the pH of the composition. Topical pharmaceutical compositions of the invention have a pH in the physiological range of 1 to 8, for example 2 to 7, for example 3 to 6.

Suitable pH adjusting agents include many pharmaceutically acceptable acids, bases and buffers. Suitable acids may include one or more of hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid and lactic acid. Suitable bases may include one or more of diethanolamine, triethanolamine and sodium hydroxide. Suitable buffers may include phosphates, such as monobasic sodium phosphate, dibasic sodium phosphate, lactates and citrates.

Suitable stabilizers include, but are not limited to, chelating agents, stearyl alcohols.

The compositions of the present invention may further comprise excipients to provide better feel to the skin and lower irritation to the skin. The compositions may further contain additional excipients that enhance the aesthetic properties of the composition like coloring and flavoring agents.

In another aspect, embodiments of the present invention are directed to methods of treating psoriasis by topical application to an affected epidermal area of a subject a topical dosage form comprising apremilast; and continuing the administration until symptoms of psoriasis are abated.

Accordingly in another embodiment, the invention is directed to a method of treating psoriasis comprising the steps of topically applying a composition comprising apremilast within a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier to an affected epidermal area of a subject suffering from psoriasis. As used herein, “affected epidermal area” refers to those patches of skin that exhibit common indicators of psoriasis including inflammation, erythema, hyperproliferation, cracking, scaling, and bleeding.

Furthermore, the method is directed to treating a type of psoriasis selected from the group consisting of plaque psoriasis, guttate psoriasis, inverse psoriasis, pustular psoriasis, and erythrodermic psoriasis. In an embodiment, the method is directed to treating plaque psoriasis. Additionally, the subject suffering from psoriasis is an animal, preferably a mammal (e.g., pig, cow, horse, dog, cat, etc.), and most preferably the subject is a human.

In studies conducted thus far (see Example 8), no side effects have been observed. Thus, the methods disclosed herein represent a very desirable first- or second-line therapy for the treatment of psoriasis. Thus, in an embodiment, the method is directed to the treatment of mild, moderate, or severe psoriasis and may be directed to the treatment of moderate or severe psoriasis.

In another aspect, embodiments of the present invention set forth a safe and commercially viable process for preparation of a topical composition of apremilast that is sufficiently stable to provide an acceptable shelf life.

Thus, in another embodiment, the present invention is directed to methods of preparation of pharmaceutical compositions of apremilast, suitable for topical administration, and effective in the treatment of psoriasis. The compositions of the present invention may be prepared through any of the processes and techniques known in the art. The inventor have designed different formulation procedures, and varieties of excipients of oil and aqueous phases, surfactants and solubility enhancers, and emulsifiers in order to develop stable, uniform, and cosmetically acceptable compositions.

The principles, embodiments, and modes of operation of the present invention have been described in the foregoing specification. Embodiments of the invention which are intended to be protected herein, however, is not to be construed limited to the particular forms disclosed, since these are to be regarded as illustrative rather than restrictive. Variations and changes may be made by those skilled in the art, without departing from the spirit of the invention.

The following examples further illustrate embodiments of the invention but should not be construed as in any way limiting its scope. In particular, the processing conditions are merely exemplary and can be readily varied by one of ordinary skill in the art.

EXAMPLES Example 1: Topical Composition of Apremilast

Component % w/w Apremilast 5 DMSO 20 PEG 400 25 Propylene glycol 12.5 Carbopol ® 1.5 homopolymer pH adjusting agents QS pH 5 to 6 Glycerin QSAD 100

Manufacturing Process

-   -   a) Approximately 100% of DMSO is weighed into a stainless steel         vessel; propylene glycol and polyethylene glycol 400 are added         and stirred with a propeller mixer.     -   b) While stirring is continued, Ap01is added to Step a) and         mixed until dissolved.     -   c) While stirring is continued, Carbopol® homopolymer is added         slowly to Step b) and mixed vigorously at room temperature until         a uniform and lump free dispersion is achieved.     -   d) While stirring is continued, 80% of glycerin is added slowly         to Step c) and the contents are mixed contents at room         temperature until a uniform dispersion is achieved.     -   e) While stirring is continued, sufficient pH adjusting agent is         added to the mixture to achieve a pH of 5.0 to 6.0.     -   f) The remaining glycerin is added and mixed until uniform         dispersion is achieved.     -   g) The Dispersion is transferred to a storage vessel and filled.

Example 2: Topical Composition of Apremilast

Component % w/w Apremilast 0.5 DMSO 30 PEG 400 5 Propylene glycol 13.3 Carbopol ® 1.2 homopolymer pH adjusting agents QS pH 5 to 6 Glycerin QSAD 100

Manufacturing Process

-   -   a) Approximately 100% of DMSO is weighed into a stainless steel         vessel; propylene glycol and polyethylene glycol 400 are added         and stirred with a propeller mixer.     -   b) While stirring is continued, Ap01is added to Step a) and         mixed until dissolved.     -   c) While stirring is continued, Carbopol® homopolymer is added         slowly to Step b) and mixed vigorously at room temperature until         a uniform and lump free dispersion is achieved.     -   d) While stirring is continued, 80% of glycerin is added slowly         to Step c) and the contents are mixed contents at room         temperature until a uniform dispersion is achieved.     -   e) While stirring is continued, sufficient pH adjusting agent is         added to the mixture to achieve a pH of 5.0 to 6.0.     -   f) The remaining glycerin is added and mixed until uniform         dispersion is achieved.     -   g) The Dispersion is transferred to a storage vessel and filled.

Example 3: Topical Composition of Apremilast

Component % w/w Apremilast 0.5 White Soft Paraffin 90 Liquid Paraffin 7 Sorbitan sesquioleate 0.5 Menthol 1 DMSO 1

Manufacturing Process:

-   -   a) White soft paraffin and sorbitan sesquioleate are added into         a melting vessel and the contents are melted at 75° C.     -   b) The mixture of Step (a) are transferred to Becomix and the         contents are mixed at 10 rpm and cooled to 50° C.     -   c) Ap01 is dissolved in DMSO in a separate vessel. The solution         is dispersed in liquid paraffin maintained at 60° C. using a         water bath, and the contents are homogenized using a         homogenizer.     -   d) With continuous stirring, Step c) to Step b) and mixed         vigorously at room temperature until a uniform dispersion is         achieved.     -   e) The dispersion is homogenized under vacuum at 0.4-0.6 bar at         10rpm.     -   f) The Dispersion is transferred to a storage vessel and filled.

Example 4: Topical Composition of Apremilast

Component % w/w Apremilast 0.5 Oleyl Alcohol 10 White soft Paraffin 84.7 Hard Paraffin 0.3 Microcrystalline wax 3.5 DMSO 1

Manufacturing Process:

-   -   a) White soft paraffin and microcrystalline wax are added into a         melting vessel and melted by heating to 70° C.     -   b) Mixture is transferred to Becomix, and maintained at 40°         C.-45° C.     -   c) With continuous stirring, oleyl alcohol is added to the base         obtained in Step a) and maintained at 40° C.-45° C.     -   d) Ap01 is dissolved in DMSO and add to the melt obtained in         Step b), and homogenize for 5 minutes.     -   e) The product of Step (d) is allowed to cool to 30° C. and         transferred to storage vessel and filled.

Example 5: Topical Composition of Apremilast

Component % w/w Apremilast 0.5 Methyl Paraben 0.025 Propyl Paraben 0.015 Sodium Lauryl Sulphate 1 DMSO 1 Propylene Glycol 12 Stearyl alcohol 25 White Petrolatum 25 Water 36

Manufacturing Process:

-   -   a) Stearyl alcohol and white petrolatum are added on a steam         bath into a melting vessel and heated to about 75° C.     -   b) Ap01 is dissolved in DMSO; and the other ingredients in         purified water; and warmed to about 75° C.     -   c) All ingredients are mixed together and stirred until the         mixture congeals.     -   d) The mixture is transferred to a storage vessel and filled.

Example 6: Topical Composition of Apremilast

Component % w/w Apremilast 0.5 White wax 12 Cetyl esters wax 12 Mineral Oil 40 DMSO 15 Sodium Borate 0.5 Water 20

Manufacturing Process:

-   -   a) White wax and cetyl ester wax are added into a melting vessel         and the components are melted at 70° C.     -   b) Mineral oil is added to the mix obtained in Step a) and         further mixed until uniform mixture is obtained.     -   c) Ap01 is dissolved in DMSO and added to the mix obtained in         Step b).     -   d) Water and sodium borate is added to the mix of Step c).     -   e) While continuous mixing, water phase is slowly added to the         oil phase.     -   f) The mixture is transferred to a storage vessel and filled.

Example 7: Topical Composition of Apremilast

Component % w/w Apremilast 0.5 Propylene Glycol 48.025 Glyceryl Monostearate 5 Cetostearyl alcohol 4 White wax 0.6 Chlorocresol 0.075 Water 40 DMSO 1

Manufacturing Process:

-   -   a) White wax, cetostearyl alcohol, and glyceryl monostearate are         added into a melting vessel and mixed continuously while heating         to 75° C. DMSO is added and mixed until uniform.     -   b) Ap01 is added to the mix obtained in Step a) and the         temperature is maintained at 75° C.     -   c) Water and propylene glycol are added into a melting vessel         and the contents are heated to 61-65° C.     -   d) Chloro cresol is added to the water phase and mixed until         uniform mixture is obtained.     -   e) Water phase is slowly added to the oil phase with continuous         stirring.     -   f) The mixture is transferred to a storage vessel and filled.

Example 8: Topical Composition of Apremilast

Component % w/w Apremilast 2.00 Dimethyl Sulfoxide 30.00 Carbopol homopolymer 1.20 Glycerin 66.70 Methyl Paraben 0.10

Manufacturing process

-   -   a) Approximately 100% of DMSO is weighed into a stainless steel         vessel; Ap01 and methyl paraben are added to it and mixed until         dissolved.     -   b) While stirring is continued, Carbopol homopolymer is added         slowly to Step a) and mixed vigorously at room temperature until         a uniform and lump free dispersion is achieved.     -   c) While stirring is continued, 80% of glycerin is added slowly         to Step b) and the contents are mixed contents at room         temperature until a uniform dispersion is achieved.     -   d) While stirring is continued, sufficient pH adjusting agent is         added to the mixture to achieve a pH of 5.0 to 6.0.     -   e) The remaining glycerin is added and mixed until uniform         dispersion is achieved.     -   f) The Dispersion is transferred to a storage vessel and filled.

Example 9: Topical Composition of Apremilast

Component % w/w Apremilast 2.00 Dimethyl Sulfoxide 15.00 Carbopol homopolymer 1.20 Glycerin 79.70 Ethanol 2.00 Methyl Paraben 0.10

-   -   a) Approximately 100% of DMSO is weighed into a stainless steel         vessel; ethanol and methyl paraben are added and stirred with a         propeller mixer.     -   b) While stirring is continued, Ap01is added to Step a) and         mixed until dissolved.     -   c) While stirring is continued, Carbopol homopolymer is added         slowly to Step b) and mixed vigorously at room temperature until         a uniform and lump free dispersion is achieved.     -   d) While stirring is continued, 80% of glycerin is added slowly         to Step c) and the contents are mixed contents at room         temperature until a uniform dispersion is achieved.     -   e) While stirring is continued, sufficient pH adjusting agent is         added to the mixture to achieve a pH of 5.0 to 6.0.     -   f) The remaining glycerin is added and mixed until uniform         dispersion is achieved.     -   g) The Dispersion is transferred to a storage vessel and filled.

Example 10: Pre-Clinical Studies using Test Formulations

Animal:

The animal model used was Mice (BALB/c,) which were purchased from Mahaveer enterprises and all the experiments were approved by institutional ethical committee.

Protocol:

-   -   a) Mice of 8 to 11 wk of age received a daily topical dose of         62.5 mg of commercially available IMQ cream (5%) (Aldara) on the         shaved back for 5 or 6 consecutive days; translating to a daily         dose of 3.125 mg of the active compound. This dose was         empirically determined to cause most optimal and reproducible         skin inflammation in mice.     -   b) Scaling and severity was observed every day     -   c) To score the severity of inflammation of the back skin, an         objective scoring system was developed based on the clinical         Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PAST), except that for the         mouse model the affected skin area is not taken into account in         the overall score. Erythema, scaling, and thickening were scored         independently on a scale from 0 to 5:         -   0—none;         -   1—slight;         -   2—moderate;         -   3—marked;         -   4—very marked         -   5—severe     -   d) The level of erythema was scored using a scoring table with         red taints. The cumulative score (erythema plus scaling plus         thickening) served as a measure of the severity of inflammation         (scale 0-5).     -   e) The model developed animals were separated into various         groups where each group contains three animals.     -   f) Then various prepared formulations (test with different         concentration, 5 mg, 50 mg, and 100 mg of Apremilast) were         applied and administered for 5 consecutive days.

Observations:

-   -   a) Two or 3 days after the start of IMQ application, the back         skin of the mice started to display signs of erythema, scaling,         and thickening. A typical example is shown in FIG. 1     -   b) The independent scores in a representative experiment are         depicted in FIG. 2, wherein from days 2-3 onward inflammation         was visible, which continually increased in severity up to the         end of the experiment.     -   c) Mice shaved and treated daily with control cream did not show         any sign of inflammation.     -   d) The scores of individual mice in every group were         consistently very similar over a large number of independent         experiments, resulting in the typically minimal SDs in FIG. 2.     -   e) The test formulations showed activity on psoriasis compared         to oral suspension (depicted in FIGS. 4, 5, 6, 7 & 8).

Conclusion:

-   -   a) All the test formulations showed good results     -   b) Formulations of 100 mg and 50 mg concentrations have shown         better results in reversing the psoriasis type inflammation         induced using imiquamod (IMQ cream).

Although the invention has been illustrated and described in greater detail with reference to the preferred exemplary embodiments, the invention is not limited to the examples disclosed, and further variations can be inferred by a person skilled in the art, without departing from the scope of protection of the invention.

For the sake of clarity, it is to be understood that the use of “a” or “an” throughout this application does not exclude a plurality, and “comprising” does not exclude other steps or elements. 

1. A method of treating inflammatory disease or disorder in a subject by topically administering a pharmaceutical composition comprising 0.5-10% of apremilast or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt by topically applying the composition to the affected skin of the subject for a period of time till the symptoms of psoriasis are abated.
 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the pharmaceutical composition further comprises a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the inflammatory disease or disorder is psoriasis.
 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the inflammatory disease or disorder is psoriatic arthritis.
 5. The method of claim 2, wherein the pharmaceutically acceptable carrier is selected from the group comprising dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), glycerol, propylene glycol, petrolatum, water, or a mixture thereof.
 6. The method of claim 2, wherein the ratio of apremilast to pharmaceutically acceptable carrier is in the range of 1:100 to 100:1.
 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the pH of the pharmaceutical composition is maintained in the range from pH 3 to 8 using pH adjusting agents selected from hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid, lactic acid, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, sodium hydroxide, monobasic sodium phosphate, dibasic sodium phosphate, or a mixture thereof.
 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the pharmaceutical composition comprises additional pharmaceutically acceptable excipients selected from the group comprising skin penetration enhancers, pharmaceutical surfactants, solubility enhancers, oil phase components, aqueous phase components, emulsifiers, anti-oxidants, vitamins, lubricants, preservatives, stabilizers, buffers and mixture thereof.
 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the subject is a human. 